New region of waters south of the River

South of the River (Jiangnan)

South of the River refers to the characteristics of an area. In terms of Zhejiang Province, where our base is located, the factors concerning architecture include climate, landscape, materials and cultural aesthetic appreciation. Due to the combined effects of those factors, the local architectures feature a unique comfort native to this region. The landscape (it is illustrated in the chapter of Region of Lakes and Rivers) is also the precondition for a necessary analysis and study.

江南

指的是地方特色。就本基地所处浙江省而言，与建筑有关的包括气候、地形地势、材料、人文审美几点。这几种因素综合作用下建筑物才形成了具有地域特点的舒适产物。（其中的地形地势在水乡篇中阐述）也是本设计必须加以分析研究的前提条件。

Climate

In Zhejiang Province, the temperature in most of its areas is relatively higher except a few mountainous ones where it is cool. The seasons here features an obvious change, where winter can see a short period of frost and snow while spring and autumn bring warm and moisture. With a long period of warm seasons but without bitter cold, the vernacular architecture is mainly designed according to the climate conditions in summer. As a result, the indoor and outdoor space   is designed to be connected, and the windows and doors are made to a large size. In addition, most of the decorations of the guest house and the central room are made in a demountable way, which often serves as an open hall.

气候

浙江省除少数山地比较凉爽外，大部分地区气温较高。冬季可见到霜雪，但为期很短。春秋两季温润。季节特点明显。在暖季长，没有严重寒冷的气候条件下，民居建筑主要是按照夏季气候条件设计的。因此，室内外空间做成相互连通，门窗开的很大，并且大多数厅房或堂屋的装修都做成可拆卸的，经常做敞厅使用。

Zhejiang Province has a rich rainfall, and receives an average of 1300-1900 millimeter of rain. Most of its rainy days are in April to September, the number of which is about 140 to 170. To prevent the rain leaking, the roofs are designed to shape like a slope which poses an angle of approximately 30°, and the eaves are further extended with a waist brim made between every two stories. People tend to feel sultry due to high moisture, and to cope with that, it is a traditional practice to avoid the direct exposure to the sun and strengthening the air ventilation. Most of the entrances to the architectures are in the shade and the air ventilation is faster because of the great room depth, lower-reaching eaves and the widely built entrance piazza side corridor. In addition, people usually keep courtyards both before and behind the rooms.

全省的雨量比较充沛，年平均雨量在1300-1900毫米之间，全年降雨天数有140-170天，以4-9月份最多。为防止漏雨，房屋做成坡顶，坡度为30度左右。房屋的出檐也做得较深，在房屋的分层处设腰檐。空气的湿度较大，年平均相对湿度为80%左右，一般地面也很潮湿，不宜放置物品。因为湿度大的原因，诗人感到闷热，克服闷热所采取的传统的做法是避免太阳直晒和加强通风两个方面。房屋进深特别大，出檐深，广泛设置外廊。另外在房间的前后都留有小天井，建筑物的大部分进场处在阴影之内，空气对流加速。

Region of Lakes and Rivers

It can be seen from the name that it focuses on “water”. As is described in Volume One of Cao River , one piece from Stories Collection from a gaily-painted pleasure-boat in Yangzhou, people grow vegetables in the hilly areas, catch fishes in the water village, pick lotus flowers and get the lotus roots, which offers them a living continuously. We can see at any time that people here are living in harmony and peace with water. The best historical relics which can show the interaction and dependence between the residents and water are the various forms of architecture, which can still be seen today.

水乡

顾名思义以“水”为核心。《扬州画舫录·草河录上》：“山地种蔬，水乡捕鱼，采莲踏藕，生计不穷。”在水乡之中无时无刻不体现着居民与水的和谐共生。而在这些居民与水的对话所留有的最好的历史遗迹就是我们还能看到各种各样的建筑形式。顾名思义以“水”为核心。《扬州画舫录·草河录上》：“山地种蔬，水乡捕鱼，采莲踏藕，生计不穷。”在水乡之中无时无刻不体现着居民与水的和谐共生。而在这些居民与水的对话所留有的最好的历史遗迹就是我们还能看到各种各样的建筑形式。

The remains of the architecture

The forms of architecture remaining reflect its richness to a large extent. The following is the summary of the typology of architecture and water’s interaction with streets, which brings out the vital functions of water channels in a city or town.

建筑遗迹

所留下的建筑形式极大体现出了丰富性。以下是对建筑与水与街道发生关系的类型学总结，体现出了水道在城镇中负有的重要功能作用，对整个城市的结构发生很大影响。

Living style

From the results above, we can infer and get the idea how the residents in the region of lakes and rivers comprehend and apply to the concept of water, that is, how to live with water: water transportation, going shopping, washing clothes, washing vegetables, going swimming…  

生活模式

由上面的“结果”我们就可以推知水乡居民都在怎样使用着“水”这个概念。怎样与水共处：水运、商店、洗衣、洗菜、游水……

New region of waters south of the River (New Jiangnan water region)

This is a concept of comparison. A sense of frustration and sadness towards the disappearance of traditional Jiangnan water region can be felt from the above argument part, and a presentation of different opinions and attitudes from the public can also be seen.  Considering the current times background, the design is an exploration of the author into the construction the new region, hope for possible breakthroughs with the traditional relics remaining both in material and emotion.

新江南水乡

这是一个比较概念，由前述的争论篇可以一窥对传统江南水乡消失的悲凉感，以及大家对所谓新江南水乡的各自见地和态度，而此设计正是笔者建立在当前时代背景下，对新江南水乡建设的一次探索，希望能在传统情感遗迹继承下有所突破。

The changes of the main body

When china is pushing forward at a high speed, it is at the same time changing and even removing all from the traditions in a devastating way. When the market economy plays the leading role in developing the real estate, the main body of the low-rise community will become the luxuries which can only be accessible to the wealthy, while the traditional citizens will be always kept out of the doors. It can be reflected in architecture where broad, comfortable and introversive space has taken the place of economical and original space.

主体变化

当中国以巨大速度前进的时候，也同时以极大的摧毁力蚕食着传统的一切。当市场经济作为主导的房产开发时，底层社区的主体成为有权有钱成功人士的奢侈品，而传统居民则永远挡在了门槛之外，在建筑上的表现就是宽大、舒适、内向性的空间代替了经济、趣味性的空间。

New relationship

Great changes in transportation have triggered the changes in the room of architecture, and the narrow alleys like a maze in Hongcun village has been made part of the history.  With pollution of water and the failure in functioning of water way transportation, people there will explore a new kind of life style. The following are the possible versions:

新关系

由于交通方式引起的变化，使得建筑空间也发生了巨大的变化，如宏村迷宫般的狭窄小巷已永远成为历史，随着水质的污染，以及水道交通运输的作用消失，将探索新的生活模式。可能性如下

本篇将从宏观——肌理（fabric）和微观——舒适度两个角度来深度量化分析传统江南水乡建筑的构成，从而在新设计中以此为依托进行设计和优化。

Fabric

Cross direction – two dimensions, the relations between chart and bottom

Longitudinal direction –three dimensions, proportional relations

肌理 Fabric

横向——平面性，图底关系

纵向——空间三维性，比例关系

Firstly we can see irregularity and disorder in the architecture plan of water region from the following relationships between chart and bottom. It is because of the organic development of the traditional that there are so varied space effects. Every resident was involved in the process, and there was no strict and unitary plan at all, which simply meant addition to that.

首先可以从下面众多的图底关系中发现江南水乡中建筑布局的不规则性、无序性。之所以会有如此丰富的空间效果是因为传统民居的有机生长性。是当时每个居民参与的结果，没有严格统一的规划。做的是“加法”。

Addition as it is, we can still feel the impact of amazement coming from the integrity of the complex, but it never leaves you an impression of mess. It is exactly one of the essences lying in the grand and remarkable architectural system. Every cell plays an organic role in building up a complete powerful body. Then I will start with the research into every “cell”, which works as the key growing element to illustrate its growing rules

虽然是加法，但是我们仍然能够感受到建筑群的整体性所给人带来的震撼。并不给人一种混乱的感觉。这正是中国博大建筑体系中的一个精髓。每个细胞有机的构成了一个强大的整体。而接下来笔者将从深入研究作为生长要素的每一个“细胞”开始，阐述其生长法则。

Space(Jian)

Space is the most basic unit for Chinese traditional residence. The room studios are three, five, and other singulars, each one is 3m to 4mwide,from 5 purlins to 9 purlin deep, purlins distance is generally between 1-1.5m, height is generally above 4m, without ceiling.

间

间是中国传统民居最基本的空间单位。房间的开 间 多 为 三 、 五 等 单数，每间面阔3-4m进深 由 五 檩 到 九 檩 的 都有，檩距一般在1-1.5m之间高度一般也在4m以上，不做吊顶。

Horizontal -- we can clearly see how the space grow under the insertion of the "lane", "gallery", "courtyard", "patio" and other elements by below chart. And we can understand clearly these elements through the vertical expounds.

横向——通过下图我们能够很清楚的看到间是如何在“弄”、“廊”、“庭院”、“天井”等元素穿插下生长起来的。而这些元素我们可以通过竖向的阐述很清楚的理解。

Vertical - we can see the developed space flexibility and richness based on the actual requirements in such a structure system through the following chart.

竖向——通过以下图我们可以看到在如此结构体系下根据实际要求而发展出来的空间灵活性和丰富性。

In the above typology change, which appears specific name we make for some space. As follows:

Corridor: there are more than galleries to shade in front and at the back of the house(gallery deep 2m/rain-proof/semi-outer living space)

Attic: The unordered space seemingly is done under the support of the structural system

在以上的类型学变化之中，就出现了我们对某些空间做的特定的命名。如下：

廊：房屋前后多设廊遮阳（廊深2m / 防雨 / 半室外生活空间）

阁楼：看似无序的空间都是在结构体系的支撑下完成

Conclusion: we can browse the whole system clearly through the following brief.

总结：我们可以通过以下的简图清晰的浏览整个系统环节。

Comfort

It is also a comparative concept. When compared with the comfort of modern residence, it is apparently followed. This is what the space design brings.

舒适度 

这也是对比性概念. 当与现代住宅的舒适度相比较而言显然是次之. 这都是空间的设计所带来的.

Traditional Chinese architectures are extraversion space that much space of the service properties, or because of the lack of indoor comfort (space size, lighting, ventilation and so on). People make a lot of activities outside. Such as writing, laundry, cooking, sewing and so on. Which leads to the interesting of outdoor space activities and the richness of outdoor space? Because of the narrow construction dimension and the high demand to south sunlight, which leads to the lack of privacy and indoor sunlight? Comfort is imagined.

Modern home design is almost inward place, because it regards the sufficient sunshine and privacy. It can meet entirely all functions in a limited space. The weakness is the buildings lose the large space of traditional architecture and the distant relationship with the outdoor space under the separation of service space. The outside interesting of the traditional architectural space also disappear before.

This design try to absorb the essence of traditional architecture texture, learn its rich texture, and expand the relation between inter space of architecture and outer nature.

本设计在现在建筑设计的体系之下试图能够吸取传统建筑肌理的精华，学习其丰富的肌理，以及拓展建筑室内空间与室外自然的交融关系。

Location

This project is located at Fengqiao Town section in Jiaxing. Due to the excessive construction, Fengqiao Town has lost the style of the year. Architectural sites are damaged, dwellings are dilapidated, and water pollution is more serious. The project land use belonged to farmland before. The design basis should take the surrounding buildings as a reference, to coordinate results. The north of the land is the Meihuazhou plot in ancient town centre.

区位 

该项目位于嘉兴凤桥古镇地段。由于建设过度，凤桥古镇已经失去当年风貌。建筑古迹损毁，民居破败，水质污染较严重。项目用地原为农田，设计依据应以周边建筑作为参照物，成果以期协调。用地以北是古镇中心区梅花洲地块。

Base analysis

The first phase of the project is going to complete the construction. This land is a long and narrow to pography, facing water in the east, and close to town driving expressway in the west. Most of the land is farmland. The network within the base is irregular and dimension is narrow abnormally.

Ps: Subject to aim at the design are high earners, so use top grade and new low-lever uptown as the standard.

General layout design

When texture of the plane coordinate with the texture of the surrounding buildings, break through the one glyph monotonous arrange of the townhouse.

A meaningful attempt designed by taking texture is acted as a starting point of thinking. Pay attention to the sense of form, but lack the most basic comfort. (You can see from the plan) You will see the further research about house type below.

一次有意义的尝试，从肌理作为考虑的出发点进行设计。注重了形式感，但缺失

了最基本的舒适性。（从平面图可看到）下文将看到对户型的深入研究。

The discussed draft about the mutual relations among the building and water, and road in the base

基地中建筑与水、与路三者之间互相的关系的探讨草图

Finally arrange the drainage, make the road network and water network cross and compatible with each other. The side facing water of the building reaches the best scenic view. Building "floats" on the surface of the water.

最后整理了水系，使路网与水网互相交叉相容。建筑临水的一面达到最好的 景观视野。建筑“漂浮”在水面上。